Allopathic theory about Diabetes
What causes Diabetes?
Insufficient production of insulin (either absolutely or relative to the body’s needs), production of defective insulin (which is uncommon), or the inability of cells to use insulin properly and efficiently leads to hyperglycemia and diabetes. This latter condition affects mostly the cells of muscle and fat tissues and results in a condition known as insulin resistance. This is the primary problem in type 2 diabetes.
The absolute lack of insulin, usually secondary to a destructive process affecting the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, is the main disorder in type 1 diabetes.
In type 2 diabetes, there also is a steady decline of beta cells that adds to the process of elevated blood sugars. Essentially, if someone is resistant to insulin, the body can, to some degree, increase the production of insulin and overcome the level of resistance. After a time, if production decreases and insulin cannot be released as vigorously, hyperglycemia develops.
What is glucose?
Glucose is a simple sugar found in food. Glucose is an essential nutrient that provides energy for the proper functioning of the body cells. Carbohydrates are broken down in the small intestine and the glucose in digested food is then absorbed by the intestinal cells into the bloodstream and is carried by the bloodstream to all the cells in the body where it is utilized. However, glucose cannot enter the cells alone and needs insulin to aid in its transport into the cells. Without insulin, the cells become starved of glucose energy despite the presence of abundant glucose in the bloodstream.
In certain types of diabetes, the cells’ inability to utilize glucose gives rise to the ironic situation of “starvation in the midst of plenty”. The abundant, unutilized glucose is wastefully excreted in the urine.
What is insulin?
Insulin is a hormone that is produced by specialized cells (beta cells) of the pancreas. (The pancreas is a deep-seated organ in the abdomen located behind the stomach.) In addition to helping glucose enter the cells, insulin is also important in tightly regulating the level of glucose in the blood. After a meal, the blood glucose level rises. In response to the increased glucose level, the pancreas normally releases more insulin into the bloodstream to help glucose enter the cells and lower blood glucose levels after a meal.
When the blood glucose levels are lowered, the insulin release from the pancreas is turned down. It is important to note that even in the fasting state there is a low steady release of insulin than fluctuates a bit and helps to maintain a steady blood sugar level during fasting. In normal individuals, such a regulatory system helps to keep blood glucose levels in a tightly controlled range. As outlined above, in patients with diabetes, the insulin is either absent, relatively insufficient for the body’s needs, or not used properly by the body.
All of these factors cause elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia in other words diabetes and diabetic ulcers).
Different types of Diabetes
There are two major types of diabetes:
Type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas undergoes an autoimmune attack by the body itself and is rendered incapable of making insulin. Abnormal antibodies (proteins in the blood that are part of the body’s immune system) have been found in the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes. The immune system mistakenly manufactures antibodies and inflammatory cells that are directed against and cause damage to patients’ own body tissues.
In persons with type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin production, are attacked by the misdirected immune system.
Some of the antibodies seen in type 1 diabetes include anti-islet cell antibodies, anti-insulin antibodies, and anti-glutamic decarboxylase antibodies. These antibodies can be detected in the majority of patients and may help determine which individuals are at risk for developing type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes tends to occur in young, lean individuals, usually before 30 years of age; however, older patients do present with this form of diabetes on occasion. This subgroup is referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).
Latent autoimmune diabetes
LADA is a slow, progressive form of type 1 diabetes. Of all the people with diabetes, only approximately 20% -23% have type 1 diabetes and the remaining have type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Ulcers
Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM), or adult-onset diabetes mellitus (AODM).
In type 2 diabetes, patients can still produce insulin but do so relatively inadequately for their body’s needs, particularly in the face of insulin resistance. In many cases, this actually means the pancreas produces larger than normal quantities of insulin.
A major feature of type 2 diabetes is a lack of sensitivity to insulin by the cells of the body (particularly fat and muscle cells). In addition to the problems with an increase in insulin resistance, the release of insulin by the pancreas may also be defective and suboptimal.
In fact, there is a known steady decline in beta cell production of insulin in type 2 diabetes that contributes to worsening glucose control. (This is a major factor for many patients with type 2 diabetes who ultimately require insulin therapy).
Role of liver
Finally, the liver in these patients continues to produce glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis despite elevated glucose levels. The control of gluconeogenesis becomes compromised.
While it is said that type 2 diabetes occurs mostly in individuals over 30 years old and the incidence increases with age, an alarming number of patients with type 2 diabetes are barely in their teen years. Most of these cases are a direct result of poor eating habits, higher body weight, and lack of exercise or physical activities.
Genetic
While there is a strong genetic component to developing type 2 diabetes, there are other risk factors – the most significant of which is obesity. There is a direct relationship between the degree of obesity and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and this holds true in children as well as adults.
It is estimated that the chance to develop diabetes doubles for every 22.5% increase over desirable body weight.
Data shows that for each decade after 40 years of age regardless of weight there is an increase in the incidence of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in persons 65 years of age and older is around 28%. Type 2 diabetes is also more common in certain ethnic groups. Compared with a 9% prevalence in non-Hispanic Caucasians, the prevalence in Asian Americans is estimated to be 9%, in Hispanics at 13%, in blacks around 12.3%, and in certain Native American communities 27% to 53%.
Other types of Diabetes and Diabetic Ulcers
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes and diabetic ulcers can occur temporarily during pregnancy, (in 3% to 12% of all pregnancies). Significant hormonal changes during pregnancy can lead to blood sugar elevation in genetically predisposed individuals.
Blood sugar elevation during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes usually resolves once the baby is born. However, 36% to 63% of women with gestational diabetes will eventually develop type 2 diabetes over the next 10 to 20 years, especially in those who require insulin during pregnancy and those who remain overweight after their delivery (due to unhealthy diet especially broiler chicken, carbonated drinks/soda, palm oil for cocking, canola oil, canned food, bakery, coffee, chocolate etc.).
Gestational diabetes
Women with gestational diabetes are usually asked to undergo an oral glucose tolerance test about six weeks after giving birth to determine if their diabetes has persisted beyond the pregnancy, or if any evidence (such as impaired glucose tolerance) is present that may be a clue to a risk for developing diabetes and diabetic ulcers.
Secondary diabetes
Diabetic ulcers and secondary diabetes refer to elevated blood sugar levels from another medical condition. 2ndry diabetes may develop when the pancreatic tissue responsible for the production of insulin is destroyed by allopathic drugs, chronic contact to chemicals or their fumes or by diseases, such as chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or surgical removal of the pancreas.
Hormonal disturbances
Diabetes and diabetic ulcers can also result from hormonal disturbances, such as excessive growth hormone production (acromegaly) and Cushing’s syndrome. In acromegaly, a pituitary gland tumor at the base of the brain causes excessive production of growth hormone, leading to hyperglycemia. In Cushing’s syndrome, the adrenal glands produce an excess of cortisol, which promotes blood sugar elevation.
Diagnosis of Diabetes and Diabetic Ulcers
The fasting blood glucose (sugar) test is the preferred way to diagnose diabetes and diabetic ulcers. It is easy to perform and convenient. After the person has fasted overnight (at least 8 hours), a single sample of blood is drawn and sent to the laboratory for analysis.
- Normal fasting plasma glucose levels are less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl).
- Fasting plasma glucose levels of more than 126 mg/dl on two or more tests on different days indicate diabetes.
- A random blood glucose test can also be used to diagnose diabetes. A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dl or higher indicates diabetes.
When fasting blood glucose stays above 100mg/dl, but in the range of 100-126mg/dl, this is known as impaired fasting glucose (IFG). While patients with IFG or prediabetes do not have the diagnosis of diabetes and diabetic ulcers, this condition carries with it its own risks and concerns and is addressed elsewhere.
The oral glucose tolerance test
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is a gold standard for making the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. It is still commonly used for diagnosing gestational diabetes and in conditions of pre-diabetes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
With an oral glucose tolerance test, the person fasts overnight (at least eight hours but not more than 16 hours). Then first, the fasting plasma glucose is tested. After this test, the person receives an oral dose (75 grams) of glucose (any sweet thing like chocolate etc. or two boiled eggs etc.). There are several methods employed by obstetricians to do this test, but the one described here is standard. Blood samples are taken at specific intervals to measure the blood glucose.
Preparation for the test
For the test to give reliable results:
- The person must be in good health (not have any other illnesses, not even a cold).
- The person should be normally active (not lying down, for example, as an inpatient in a hospital).
- The person should not be taking medicines that could affect blood glucose.
- On the morning of the test, the person should not smoke or drink coffee or tea.
Blood glucose
The classic oral glucose tolerance test measures blood glucose levels five times over a period of three hours. Some physicians simply get a baseline blood sample followed by a sample two hours after eating or drinking the glucose solution.
In a person without diabetes and diabetic ulcers, the glucose levels rise and then fall quickly. In someone with diabetes, glucose levels rise higher than normal and fail to come back down as fast.
People with glucose levels between normal and diabetic have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or insulin resistance. People with impaired glucose tolerance do not have diabetes and diabetic ulcers but are at high risk for progressing to diabetes. Weight loss, healthy diet and exercise may help people with impaired glucose tolerance return their glucose levels to normal.
Lifelong treatment!
Some physicians advocate the use of medications, such as metformin (Glucophage), to help prevent/delay the onset of overt diabetes – I (Dr Qaisar Ahmed) categorically against this practice and not recommend it; this will lower body’s immune system, and the body/organism will edict for foreign help.
Research has shown that impaired glucose tolerance itself may be a risk factor for the development of heart disease. The impaired glucose tolerance is not simply a precursor of diabetes but is its own clinical disease entity that requires treatment and monitoring.
Some Allopathic Medications
Certain medications may worsen diabetes control, or “unmask” latent diabetes. This is seen most commonly when steroid medications (such as prednisone) are taken and also with medications used in the treatment of HIV infection (AIDS).
Symptoms of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Ulcers
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- increased urine output,
- excessive thirst and dry mouth,
- dehydration,
- weight loss or gain,
- hunger,
- fatigue,
- itching skin and skin problems
- yeast infections,
- tingling or numbness in the feet or toes,
- frequent infections,
- nausea,
- vomiting,
- blurred vision,
- hunger,
- slow-healing wounds, cuts, or sores.
Nine early signs and symptoms
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The early symptoms of untreated diabetes are related to elevated blood sugar levels and loss of glucose in the urine. High amounts of glucose in the urine can cause increased urine output (frequent urination) and lead to dehydration.
- Dehydration also causes increased thirst and water consumption.
- A relative or absolute insulin deficiency eventually leads to weight loss.
- The weight loss of diabetes occurs despite an increase in appetite.
- Some untreated diabetes patients also complain of fatigue.
- Nausea and vomiting can also occur in patients with untreated diabetes.
- Frequent infections (such as infections of the bladder, skin, and vaginal areas) are more likely to occur in people with untreated or poorly controlled diabetes.
- Fluctuations in blood glucose levels can lead to blurred vision.
- Extremely elevated glucose levels can lead to lethargy and coma.
Evaluating the results of the oral glucose tolerance test
Glucose tolerance tests may lead to one of the following diagnoses:
- Normal response: A person is said to have a normal response when the 2-hour glucose level is less than 140 mg/dl, and all values between 0 and 2 hours are less than 200 mg/dl.
- Impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes): A person is said to have impaired glucose tolerance when the fasting plasma glucose is less than 126 mg/dl and the 2-hour glucose level is between 140 and 199 mg/dl.
- Diabetes: A person has diabetes when two diagnostic tests done on different days show that the blood glucose level is high.
- Gestational diabetes: A pregnant woman has gestational diabetes when she has any two of the following:
- a fasting plasma glucose of 92 mg/dl or more,
- a 1-hour glucose level of 180 mg/dl or more, or
- a 2-hour glucose level of 153 mg/dl, or more.
Blood sugar checked at home
There are lot of verities and companies claiming that their glucometers are the best in market, but almost all of them are fraud; each and every apparatus will give you absolutely different reading of the same patient in same time and from same drop of the blood, glucometers that are attached or stick to/on your skin and so on.
Hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c)
To explain what hemoglobin A1c is, think in simple terms. Sugar sticks, and when it’s around for a long time, it’s harder to get it off. In the body, sugar sticks too, particularly to proteins. The red blood cells that circulate in the body live for about three months before they die off. When sugar sticks to these hemoglobin proteins in these cells, it is known as glycosylated hemoglobin or hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c).
HBA1c measurement
Measurement of HBA1c gives us an idea of how much sugar is present in the bloodstream for the preceding three months. In most labs, the normal range is 4%-5.9 %. In poorly controlled diabetes, it’s 8.0% or above, and in well-controlled patients, it’s less than 7.0% (optimal is <6.5%). The benefit of measuring A1c is that it gives a more reasonable and stable view of what’s happening over the course of time (three months), and the value does not vary as much as finger stick blood sugar measurements. There is a direct correlation between A1c levels and average blood sugar levels as follows.
While there are no guidelines to use A1c as a screening tool, it gives a physician a good idea that someone is diabetic if the value is elevated. Right now, it is used as a standard tool to determine blood sugar control in patients known to have diabetes.
Complications
Acute complications of type 2 diabetes
In patients with type 2 diabetes, stress, infection, and medications (such as corticosteroids) can also lead to severely elevated blood sugar levels. Accompanied by dehydration, severe blood sugar elevation in patients with type 2 diabetes can lead to an increase in blood osmolality (hyperosmolar state). This condition can worsen and lead to coma (hyperosmolar coma).
A hyperosmolar coma usually occurs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Like diabetic ketoacidosis, a hyperosmolar coma is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment with intravenous fluid and insulin is important in reversing the hyperosmolar state. Unlike patients with type 1 diabetes, patients with type 2 diabetes do not generally develop ketoacidosis solely on the basis of their diabetes.
Since in general, type 2 diabetes occurs in an older population, concomitant medical conditions are more likely to be present, and these patients may actually be sicker overall. The complication and death rates from hyperosmolar coma are thus higher than in diabetic ketoacidosis.
Low blood sugar level or hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia means abnormally low blood sugar (glucose). In patients with diabetes, the most common cause of low blood sugar is excessive use of insulin or other glucose-lowering medications, to lower the blood sugar level in diabetic patients in the presence of a delayed or absent meal. When low blood sugar levels occur because of too much insulin, it is called an insulin reaction. Sometimes, low blood sugar can be the result of an insufficient caloric intake or sudden excessive physical exertion.
Blood glucose is essential for the proper functioning of brain cells. Therefore, low blood sugar can lead to central nervous system symptoms such as:
- dizziness,
- confusion,
- weakness, and
- tremors.
Actual sugar level
The actual level of blood sugar at which these symptoms occur varies with each person, but usually, it occurs when blood sugars are less than 50 mg/dl. Untreated, severely low blood sugar levels can lead to coma, seizures, and, in the worst-case scenario, irreversible brain death.
The treatment of low blood sugar consists of administering a quickly absorbed glucose source, for example glucose-containing drinks, chocolate or glucose tablets in doses of 15-20 grams at a time (for example, the equivalent of half a glass of juice). If the individual becomes unconscious, glucagon can be given by intramuscular injection.
Hormones and hypoglycemia
Glucagon is a hormone that causes the release of glucose from the liver (for example, it promotes gluconeogenesis). Glucagon can be lifesaving and every patient with diabetes who has a history of hypoglycemia (particularly those on insulin) should have a glucagon kit. Families and friends of those with diabetes need to be taught how to administer glucagon since obviously, the patients will not be able to do it themselves in an emergency situation. Another lifesaving device that should be mentioned is very simple; a medic-alert bracelet should be worn by all patients with diabetes.
Acute complications of type 1 diabetes
Insulin is vital to patients with type 1 diabetes – they cannot live without a source of exogenous insulin. Without insulin, patients with type 1 diabetes develop severely elevated blood sugar levels. This leads to increased urine glucose, which in turn leads to excessive loss of fluid and electrolytes in the urine. Lack of insulin also causes the inability to store fat and protein along with a breakdown of existing fat and protein stores. This dysregulation results in the process of ketosis and the release of ketones into the blood. Ketones turn the blood acidic, a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Cause and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Without prompt medical treatment, patients with diabetic ketoacidosis can rapidly go into shock, coma, and even death may result.
Diabetic ketoacidosis can be caused by infections, stress, or trauma, all of which may increase insulin requirements. In addition, missing doses of insulin is also an obvious risk factor for developing diabetic ketoacidosis.
Allopathic treatment of ketoacidosis
Urgent treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis involves the intravenous administration of fluid, electrolytes, and insulin, usually in a hospital intensive care unit. Dehydration can be very severe, and it is not unusual to need to replace 6-7 liters of fluid when a person presents with diabetic ketoacidosis. With treatment, abnormal blood sugar levels, ketone production, acidosis, and dehydration can be reversed rapidly, and patients can recover remarkably well.
Chronic complications of Diabetes and Diabetic Ulcers
These diabetes and diabetic ulcers complications are related to blood vessel diseases and are generally classified into small vessel diseases, such as those involving the eyes, kidneys, and nerves (microvascular disease), and large vessel diseases involving the heart and blood vessels (macrovascular disease). Diabetes accelerates the hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) of the larger blood vessels, leading to coronary heart disease (angina or heart attack), strokes, and pain in the lower extremities because of a lack of blood supply (claudication).
Eye Complications
The major eye complication of diabetes is called diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy occurs in patients who have had diabetes for at least five years. Diseased small blood vessels in the back of the eye cause the leakage of protein and blood in the retina. Disease in these blood vessels also causes the formation of small aneurysms (micro aneurysms), and new but brittle blood vessels (neovascularization). Spontaneous bleeding from the new and brittle blood vessels can lead to retinal scarring and retinal detachment, thus impairing vision.
To treat diabetic retinopathy, a laser is used to destroy and prevent the recurrence of the development of these small aneurysms and brittle blood vessels. Approximately 50% of patients with diabetes will develop some degree of diabetic retinopathy after 10 years of diabetes, and 80% retinopathy after 15 years of the disease. Poor control of blood sugar and blood pressure further aggravates eye disease in diabetes.
Eyes and diabetes
Cataracts and glaucoma are also more common among diabetics. It is also important to note that since the lens of the eye lets water through if blood sugar concentrations vary a lot, the lens of the eye will shrink and swell with fluid accordingly. As a result, blurry vision is very common in poorly controlled diabetes. Patients are usually discouraged from getting a new eyeglass prescription until their blood sugar is controlled.
Kidney damage
Kidney damage from diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. The onset of kidney disease and its progression are extremely variable. Initially, diseased small blood vessels in the kidneys cause the leakage of protein in the urine. Later on, the kidneys lose their ability to cleanse and filter blood. The accumulation of toxic waste products in the blood leads to the need for dialysis.
The progression of nephropathy in patients can be significantly slowed by controlling high blood pressure, and by aggressively treating high blood sugar levels. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in treating high blood pressure may also benefit kidney disease in patients with diabetes.
Nerve damage
Nerve damage from diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy and is also caused by disease of small blood vessels. In essence, the blood flow to the nerves is limited, leaving the nerves without blood flow, and they get damaged or die as a result (a term known as ischemia).
Symptoms of diabetic nerve damage include numbness, burning, and aching of the feet and lower extremities. When the nerve disease causes a complete loss of sensation in the feet, patients may not be aware of injuries to the feet and fail to properly protect them. Shoes or other protection should be worn as much as possible. Seemingly minor skin injuries should be attended to promptly to avoid serious infections. Because of poor blood circulation, diabetic foot injuries may not heal. Sometimes, minor foot injuries can lead to serious infection, ulcers, and even gangrene, necessitating surgical amputation of toes, feet, and other infected parts.
Nerve demage
Diabetic nerve damage and/or poor blood flow can affect the nerves that are important for penile erection, causing erectile dysfunction (ED, impotence).
Diabetic neuropathy can also affect nerves in the stomach and intestines, causing nausea, weight loss, diarrhea, and other symptoms of gastroparesis (delayed emptying of food contents from the stomach into the intestines, due to ineffective contraction of the stomach muscles).
Allopathic treatment for pain
The pain of diabetic nerve damage may respond to traditional treatments with certain medications such as gabapentin), phenytoin, and carbamazepine that are traditionally used in the treatment of seizure disorders. Amitriptyline and desipramine are medications that are traditionally used for depression. While many of these medications are not indicated specifically for the treatment of diabetes-related nerve pain, they are used by physicians commonly.
The pain of diabetic nerve damage may also improve with better blood sugar control, though unfortunately blood glucose control and the course of neuropathy do not always go hand in hand. Newer medications for nerve pain include Pregabalin and duloxetine.
Risk factors for Diabetes and Diabetic Ulcers
Risk factors for type 1 diabetes are not as well understood as those for type 2 diabetes. Family history is a known risk factor for type 1 diabetes. Other risk factors can include having certain infections or diseases of the pancreas.
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes are many. The following can raise one’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes:
- Being obese or overweight,
- High blood pressure,
- Elevated levels of triglycerides and low levels of “good” cholesterol (HDL),
- Sedentary lifestyle,
- Family history,
- Increasing age,
- Polycystic ovary syndrome,
- Impaired glucose tolerance,
- Insulin resistance,
- Gestational diabetes during a pregnancy,
- Ethnic background.
Prognosis for diabetics treated with allopathic drugs.
The prognosis of diabetes and diabetic ulcers is related to the extent to which the condition is kept under control to prevent the development of the complications described in the preceding sections. Some of the more serious complications of diabetes such as kidney failure and cardiovascular disease can be life-threatening. Acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis can also be life-threatening. As mentioned above, aggressive control of blood sugar levels can prevent or delay the onset of complications, and many people with diabetes lead long and full lives.
Homeopathic Treatment for Diabetes and Diabetic Ulcers
Homeopathy treats the cause, not the symptom that’s why it’s normal practice in homeopathy to treat and cure the diabetes. Here are few medicines for diabetes:
Curare
Cancer. Tetanus. Ulceration. Liver spots. Locomotor ataxia. Nervous debility. Neuralgia. Uterine diseases. Corns. Debility. Diabetes. Dysmenia. Dyspnea. Eczema. Emphysema. Epilepsy. Face paralysis. Fainting. Headache.Otitis. Ozaena. Paralysis. Phthisis. Pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis. Ptosis. Scrofula. Vaginitis.
Strychnine Arsenicum
Mental overwork. Physical collapse. Elderly patients, or those weakened after chronic illness. Cardiac anxiety with nervous trembling. Heart Weakness & Cardiac Symptoms. For weak heart action, especially in elderly or convalescing patients (Irregular pulse, Palpitations, Faintness or breathlessness on exertion etc) Cardiac dropsy (fluid retention due to heart failure). Asthma & Dyspnea (breathing becomes difficult from exertion, heart strain, or anxiety). Asthma with cardiac weakness. Neurasthenia (Nervous Exhaustion). Chronic fatigue with irritability, insomnia, and anxiety. Patient is restless, oversensitive, and exhausted, yet mentally active.
Helpful in post-illness recovery (e.g., after typhoid or chronic infections). Tremors, Spasms, and Neuromuscular Disorders. Nervous irritability with shaking, stiffness, or cramps. Paralytic or degenerative nervous disorders. Anxiety & Fear States, anxiety and restlessness. Fear of death, agitation. Insomnia
Arsenicum Bromide
Acne – red, inflamed, painful pustules. Diabetes related skin complaints/infections, septic, pustular, or chronic skin conditions. Glandular affections. Chronic or recurring glandular inflammation.
Kalium Nitricum
Peritonitis. Asthma. Gastritis. Colic. Phthisis. Diabetes insipidus. Enuresis. Headache. Heart diseases. Herpes preputialis. Meniere’s disease. Pleurisy. Pneumonia. Polypus. Rheumatism. Vertigo.
Chimaphila Umbellata
Acne. Cataract. Cystitis. Diabetes. Liver disorders. Intermittent fever. Jaundice. Dropsies. Glands, enlarged. Prostatitis. Kidney diseases. Lactation disorders. Nephritis. Proctitis. Pterygium. Ringworm. Scrofula. Stricture. Syphilis. Ulcers – malignant. Urinary disorders. Whitlow.
Cardus Marianus
Dropsy. Spleen diseases. Typhoid. Typhlitis. Gallbladder diseases. Gallstones. Hemoptysis. Hemorrhages. Hemorrhoids. Varicose veins. Intermittent fever. Jaundice. Liver diseases. Neuralgia. Phthisis (Tuberculosis). Rheumatism. Sciatica.
Phlorizinum (Phloridzin Dihyd)
Phloridzin inhibits SGLT1 and SGLT2 (sodium-glucose transporters), which are responsible for glucose reabsorption in kidneys. Diabetes mellitus (type 1 & 2), it effects on glucose metabolism, particularly in cases of diabetes mellitus, glucosuria, and metabolic syndrome. Herpes preputialis. Intermittent fever. Helps manage high blood sugar levels. Believed to stimulate the pancreas and regulate glucose metabolism. Glucosuria (Sugar in Urine), Supports renal glucose handling. Insulin Resistance & Metabolic Syndrome.
It Improves insulin sensitivity, helps in weight gain due to insulin resistance, fatigue, and sugar cravings. Fatigue and Weakness from Blood Sugar Fluctuation. Chronic tiredness, frequent urination, and thirst, linked to sugar imbalances.
Commiphora Mukul (GigUl)
High Cholesterol & Lipid Disorders. Hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and thyroid-stimulating effects. Reduce total cholesterol, LDL (bad cholesterol), Triglycerides and increase HDL (good cholesterol). Improves lipid metabolism and liver function. Obesity (fat breakdown and regulate metabolism). Arthritis & Joint Inflammation (anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects). Rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis. Chronic joint pain with stiffness and swelling.
Hypothyroidism (stimulate thyroid function mild to moderate). Obesity and sluggish metabolism. Acne, boils, and eczema. Chronic skin eruptions (especially those linked to hormonal imbalance or metabolism). Stimulates pancreatic function.
Lac Vaccinum Defloratum
Heart diseases. Leucorrhea. Menses, suppressed. Obesity. Sciatica. Anemia. Appendicitis. Asthma. Bright’s disease. Constipation. Diabetes. Dropsy. Fainting spells. Headache. Defective lactation.
Allium Sativa
Asthma, periodical. Colic. Rheumatism. Constipation. Coxalgia. Dandruff. Diabetes. Dyspepsia. Menorrhagia. Menses disorders. Ophthalmia. Salivation. Scurvy. Skin diseases.
Carbolicum Acidum
Acne. Constipation. Diabetes. Dyspepsia. Eczema. Gangrene. Intermittent fever. Irritation. Leprosy. Pityriasis versicolor. Scarlatina. Smallpox. Smell, disordered. Ulcers. Uremia.
Physalis Alkekengi (Winter Cherry, Chinese Lantern, or Bladder Cherry)
Diuretic properties. Mild laxative. Irregular menses. Cystitis. Urethritis. Urinary frequency or urgency. Hematuria. Diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties. Leucorrhea. Prostate inflammation. Gout. Uric acid. Rheumatoid arthritis. Liver and kidney intoxication. Diabetes. Fevers. Inflammation.
Iodium
Appetite disordered. Atrophy. Brain, atrophy. Constipation. Consumption. Debility. Diabetes. Goiter. Hemorrhoids. Headaches. Heart hypertrophy and diseases. Jaundice and other liver diseases. Lymphatic swellings. Melancholia. Uterine and ovarian diseases. Prostate enlarged. Rheumatic gout. Rheumatism. Seborrhea (chronic skin condition caused by overactivity of the sebaceous glands). Sterility. Syphilis. Tabes mesenterica.
Natrium Sulphuricum
Asthma. Biliousness. Debility; of drunkards. Diabetes. Dyspepsia. Enuresis. Epilepsy; traumatic. Epistaxis (menstrual). Fistulous abscesses. Gonorrhea. Headache. Leukemia. Hepatomegaly. Malaria. Migraine. Nephritic scarlatina. Ophthalmia. Panaritium. Phlegmasia alba dolens. Photophobia. Phthisis. Sciatica. Scrofulous ophthalmia. Spleen diseases.
Amygdalus Persica Follium
Morning sickness. Irritation of eyes. Ischuria and hematuria. Hematuria. Gastric irritation. Loss of smell and taste. Gastric and intestinal irritation. Constant nausea and vomiting.
Murraya Koenigii (Curry Leaf or Meetha Neem)
Diabetes (regulates blood sugar levels). Hyperlipidemia and obesity. lowers low density lipoproteins (LDL) and improving lipid metabolism. Indigestion. Constipation. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.
Piperazinum
Piperaz is a synthetic product which has been used with success in mental diseases, and in a case of lead paralysis (very remarkable results). Renal colic. Glaucoma (one grain daily in carbonated water or 200x, all the symptoms will disappear within three weeks. Diabetes along with gout.
Abroma Augusta
Albuminuria, insomnia, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, debility. Congestive and neuralgic dysmenorrhea, and amenorrhea. Excessive weakness after urination. Boils and carbuncles in a diabetic patient. Burning sensation in the whole body.
Aceticum Acidum
Large quantities of pale urine. Diabetes, with great thirst and debility, profound anemia, with some dropsical symptoms, great debility, frequent fainting, dyspnea, weak heart, vomiting, profuse urination and sweat. Hemorrhage from any part. Fermentation in stomach. Intense burning thirst. Vomits after every kind of food. Epigastric tenderness. Burning pain as of an ulcer, acidity. Cancer of stomach. Hissing respiration; difficult breathing. Pain in back. Emaciation. Edema of feet and legs.
Face pale, waxen, emaciated. Eyes sunken, surrounded by dark rings. Bright red. Sweaty. Skin pale, waxen, edematous. Burning, dry, hot skin, or bathed in profuse sweat. Diminished sensibility of the surface of body.
Argentum Metallicum
In case of poor blood circulation Argentum Metallicum is the best choice. Small blood vessels (capillaries) become closed up or withered and carious affections result. They come on insidiously, lingering, but progress. Dull paroxysmal neuralgia. Melancholy. Vertigo. Severe backache. Legs weak and trembling. Diuresis. Urine profuse, turbid, sweet odor. Frequent urination. Polyuria.
Crushed pain in testicles. Prolapse of womb. Eroded spongy cervix. Palliative in scirrhous of uterus.
Arsenicum Album
Hemicrania, with icy feeling of scalp and great weakness. Burning in eyes, with acrid lachrymation. Face swollen, pale, yellow, cachectic, sunken, cold, and covered with sweat. Easily-bleeding gums. Great thirst; drinks much, but little at a time. Nausea, retching, vomiting, after eating or drinking. Anxiety in pit of stomach. Burning pain. Liver and spleen enlarged and painful. Ascites and anasarca. Abdomen swollen and painful. Tachycardia, pain, dyspnea, faintness. Irritable heart. Cyanosis. Fatty degeneration. Angina pectoris. Pain in neck and occiput. Drawing in of shoulders. Pain and burning in back.
Urine scanty, burning, involuntary. Bladder as if paralyzed. Aluminous. Epithelial cells; cylindrical clots of fibrin and globules of pus and blood. After urinating, feeling of weakness in abdomen. Bright’s disease. Diabetes.
Extremities: Trembling, twitching, spasms, weakness, heaviness, uneasiness. Cramps in calves. Peripheral neuritis. Diabetic gangrene. Ulcers on heels.
Skin: Itching, burning, swellings; edema, eruption, papular, dry, rough, scaly. Malignant pustules. Ulcers with offensive discharge. Anthrax. Poisoned wounds. Epithelioma of the skin. Gangrenous inflammations.
Dulcamara
Must urinate when getting chilled. Strangury, painful micturition. Catarrh of bladder from taking cold. Urine has thick, mucous, purulent sediment. Ischemia from wading with bare feet in cold water. Mental confusion. Occipital pain ascending from nape of neck. Thick, yellow discharge; granular lids. Dry, rough tongue, rough scraping in throat. Vomiting of white, tenacious mucus. Aversion to food. Burning thirst for cold drinks.
Pain in small of back. Paralysis; paralyzed limbs, feet icy cold. Warts on hands. Perspiration on palms of hands. Pain in shinbones.
Skin: Vesicular eruptions. Sensitive bleeding ulcers. Little boils.
Glycerinum
Acts deeply and long, building up tissue, hence of great use in marasmus, debility, mental and physical, diabetes. Improve the general state of nutrition. Profuse and frequent urination. Increased specific gravity and sugar. Diabetes.
Lacticum Acidum
Morning sickness, diabetes, and rheumatism offer a field for this remedy. Tongue dry, parched. Thirst; voracious hunger. Canker, copious salivation and water brash. Nausea; morning sickness. Hot, acrid eructation. Nausea; better, eating.
Extremities: Rheumatic pain in joints and shoulders, wrists, knees, with much weakness. Trembling of whole body while walking. Limbs feel chilly.
Urine: Large quantities passed, frequently. Saccharine.
Gelsemium Sempervirens
Centers its action upon the nervous system, causing various degrees of motor paralysis. General prostration. Dizziness, drowsiness, dullness, and trembling. Slow pulse, tired feeling, mental apathy. Paralysis of various groups of muscles. Complete relaxation and prostration. Lack of muscular co-ordination. General depression. Vertigo. Severe headache better after profuse urination. Vision blurred. Orbital neuralgia, with contraction and twitching of muscles. Detached retina, glaucoma and descemetitis. Loss of power of muscular control. Cramp in muscles of forearm. Professional neuroses.
Skin: Hot, dry, itching, measles-like eruption. Erysipelas.
Urine: Profuse, clear, watery, with chilliness and tremulousness. Dysuria. Partial paralysis of bladder; flow intermittent. Retention. Spermatorrhea, without erections. Genitals cold and relaxed. Scrotum continually sweating.
Helonias Dioica
Weakness, prostration, tired, strained muscles burn and ache, tired and weak. Aching and burning across the lumbar region, insomnia. Diabetes mellitus, and insipidus. Constant aching and tenderness over kidneys.
Urine: Aluminous, phosphatic; profuse and clear, saccharine. Diabetes.
Lacticum Acidum
Morning sickness, diabetes. Troubles in the breasts. Tongue dry, parched. Thirst; voracious hunger. Canker, copious salivation and water brash. Nausea; morning sickness, especially in pale anemic. Hot, acrid eructation. Nausea. Profuse secretion of tenacious mucus. Rheumatic pain in joints and shoulders, wrists, knees, with much weakness. Trembling of whole body while walking. Limbs feel chilly.
Urine: Large quantities passed, frequently. Saccharine.
Physalis Alkekengi
Marked urinary symptoms confirming its ancient uses in gravel, etc. Lithiasis; marked diuretic action. Languor and muscular weakness. Vertigo, hazy feeling; memory weakness; desire to talk constantly. Throbbing pain, heavy over eyes in forehead. Facial paralysis. Dryness of mouth. Stiff limbs; tonic cramps. Paralysis. When walking, every jar seems repeated in the head. Sweat during stool, abundant urine. Pain in liver during.
Respiratory: Cough. Hoarse voice: throat irritated; chest oppressed, causing insomnia. Stabbing in chest.
Urinary: Acrid, foul, retained, abundant. Polyuria. Sudden inability to hold it in women. Nocturnal incontinence. Enuresis.
Skin: Excoriation between fingers and toes; pustules on thighs; nodes on forehead.
Quassia Amara
Acts on gastric organs as a tonic. Amblyopia and cataract. Pain in right intercostal muscles above the liver. Pressure and stitches in liver, and sympathetically in spleen.
Stomach: Atonic dyspepsia, with gas and acidity. Heartburn and gastralgia. Regurgitation of food. Abdomen feels empty and retracted. Dyspepsia after infectious diseases; especially grip, dysentery. Tongue dry or with brown sticky coating. Cirrhosis of liver with ascites.
Urinary: Excessive desire-impossible to retain urine; copious micturition day and night. As soon as the child wakes up the bed is drenched.
Extremities: Inclination to yawn and stretch. Sensation of coldness over back. Prostration, with hunger. Cold extremities, with sensation of internal coldness
Syzygium Jambolanum
Has an immediate effect of increasing the blood sugar, glycosuria results. A most useful remedy in diabetes mellitus. No other remedy causes in so marked degree the diminution and disappearance of sugar in the urine. Prickly heat in upper part of the body; small red pimples itch violently. Great thirsts, weakness, emaciation. Very large amount of urine, specific gravity high. Old ulcers of skin. Diabetic ulceration.
Phosphoric Acidicum
Debility, Mental debility. Pyrosis, flatulence, diarrhea, diabetes, rachitis and periosteal inflammation. Crushing headache. Vertigo toward evening. Optic nerves seem torpid. Bleeding gums. Nausea. Symptoms following sour food and drink. Splenomegaly. Enlarged spleen. Urine: Frequent, profuse, watery, milky. Diabetes. Micturition, preceded by anxiety and followed by burning. Frequent urination at night. Phosphaturia.
Insolinum
Diabetes and diabetic ulcers, restoring the lost ability to oxidize carbohydrate and again storing glycogen in the liver, acne, carbuncles, erythema with itching eczema. In the gouty, transitory glycosuria when skin manifestations are persistent give three times daily after eating. Given a persistent case of skin irritation, boils or varicose ulceration with polyuria.
Gymnema Sylvestre
Diabetes Mellitus, losing weight, weakness and exhaustion. Block sugar and fat absorption in the body.
Muschus
Involuntary emissions. Impotence, associated with diabetes. Premature senility. Nausea and vomiting after coition. Profuse urination. Diabetes and diabetic ulcers. Hysterical palpitation. Trembling around heart. Tension in muscles, skin and mind.
Cocca
Palpitation, dyspnea, anxiety and insomnia. Exhausted nervous system from physical and mental strain. Caries of teeth. Diabetes and diabetic ulcers, with impotency. Tympanic distention of abdomen. No appetite but for sweets.
Uranium Nitricum
Glycosuria, Polyuria. Nephritis, diabetes, degeneration of the liver, high blood pressure and dropsy. Severe emaciation, debility and tendency to ascites and general dropsy. Backache and delayed menses. Dry mucous membranes and skin. Excessive thirst; nausea; vomiting. Ravenous appetite: eating followed by flatulence. Boring pain in pyloric region. Gastric and duodenal ulcers. Copious urination. Diuresis. Incontinence of urine. Emaciation and tympanites. Burning in urethra, with very acid urine. Unable to retain urine without pain. Enuresis. Complete impotency, with nocturnal emissions. Organs cold, relaxed sweaty.
Urea Pura
Tuberculosis. Lumps. Enlarged glands. Renal dropsy, with symptoms of general intoxication. Gouty eczema. Albuminuria, diabetes and diabetic ulcers; uremia. Urine thin and of low specific gravity. A hydro Gogue diuretic in the treatment of dropsies.
A diabetes case:
Diabetes and Diabetic Foot treatment by Dr. Qaisar Ahmed MD, DHMS.
The patient, man 50 years, patient of type 2 diabetes mellitus from last fifteen years, senile dementia, hypertension and ischemic heart disease (Chronic hyperglycemia may result in vascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathies), had stroke attack two months ago, left sided hemi paresis (no response to pinch) and a non-healing (diabetes and diabetic ulcers), painless ulcer involving the ligament, muscle and tendons over the left lateral malleolus from 6 months (The Wagner-Meggitt classification of diabetic foot assesses the ulcer based on the depth of ulceration by using six grades), involuntary urine and stools.
Diabetic foot ulcer is the most significant complication of diabetes and diabetic ulcers, Patients with type-2 diabetes had a higher prevalence of ulceration compared to type-1 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetic foot ulcers are 3 types: Neuropathic, Neuro-Ischemic and the Ischemic.
His ailments started after a psychological shock of loss in business.
My Prescription for twenty days was:
1. Papaver somniferum-200
2. Arsenicum album-200
3. Ammonium Muriaticum-200
4. Natrum Sulph-200
5. Uranium Nitricum-200
After twenty days wound was almost 80+ percent healed; Prescription revised for further twenty days.
After forty days patients heal was absolutely normal and we started treatment for his Diabetes Myelitis’, which was cured in almost three months.
Patient was discharged completely normal and healthy, eating everything he want…No more any dietary regime.
Case 2:
Patient Female Male- 55-year, Suffering from type II diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Complaints of non-healing ulcer over the plantar surface of the right big toe. This ulcer started as a crack in the toe and progressed to a wound which never healed with filthy smelled discharge; Patient was sensitive to cold even in summer likes to be covered.
At the time of consultation, patient was on allopathic treatment for diabetes and diabetic ulcers (her non healing wound).
Local examination: Wound was surrounded by Callus and was found to be “Wagner grade-2 type of diabetic ulcer”, (deep ulcer involving the ligament, muscle and tendons).
My Prescription for twenty days was:
- Psorinum-1M
2. Secale cornutum-200
3. Calendula-Q and Echinacea ointment for external application.
4. Heper Sulph-200
5. Graphites-200
6. Gymnema-200
and some constitutional medicines.
Revisited me after twenty days; She was excited, wound was almost healed…
Medicine prescribed after twenty days were the same prescription along with Moringa Oliflora-Q for further one month.
After wound was healed, we start treatment for her diabetes.
For permanent treatment of Diabetes and Diabetic Ulcers, visit our clinic accept Sundays.
P. S: This article is only for doctors and students having good knowledge about Homeopathy and allopathy.

For proper consultation and treatment, please visit our clinic.
Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS), Abdominal Surgeries, Oncological surgeries, Gastroenterologist, Specialist Homeopathic Medicines.
Senior research officer at Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine.
Location: Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.
Find more about Dr Sayed Qaisar Ahmed at:
https://www.youtube.com/Dr Qaisar Ahmed



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